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1. Sound moves through what medium?
Sound moves through air. Sounds are pressure waves of air. If there wasn't any air, we wouldn't be able to hear sounds. There's no sound in space so if you you were in space you would be able to see another spaceship explode but you wouldn't be able to hear it because there is no air present but if part of the spaceship hit yours you would hear it because of the vibrations. We hear sounds because our ears are sensitive to these pressure waves.
We are able to hear sound through glass coming from another room because the air pushes against the glass which causes vibrations which then moves the air in the room you're in allowing you to hear because of the movement of air.
When you clap your hands, the air that was between your hands is pushed aside. This increases the air pressure in the space near your hands, because more air molecules are temporarily compressed into less space. The high pressure pushes the air molecules outwards in all directions at the speed of sound, which is about 340 meters per second. When the pressure wave reaches your ear, it pushes on your eardrum slightly, causing you to hear the clap.

A hand clap is a short event that causes a single pressure wave that quickly dies out. The image above shows the waveform for a typical hand clap. In the waveform, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis is for pressure. The initial high pressure is followed by low pressure, but the oscillation quickly dies out.